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Tag: work-as-judged

  • safety

The Wrong Kidney

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 24/05/202427/05/2024

The post discusses a short fictional film, ‘The Wrong Kidney’, created to explore the complexities…

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  • Human Factors/Ergonomics

Set Taxonomies to Neutral

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 11/11/202324/05/2024

Twenty years ago, I completed my PhD on human factors in air traffic control. Part…

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  • safety

Why Is It Just So Difficult? Barriers to ‘Just Culture’ in the Real World

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 18/10/202330/10/2025

This article is a reproduction of an article published in HindSight magazine issue 35 in September 2023 (all issues available…

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  • safety

Who Are We to Judge? From Work-as-Done to Work-as-Judged

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 15/10/202330/10/2025

This article is a reproduction of the Editorial published in HindSight magazine issue 35 in September 2023 (all issues…

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  • safety

HindSight 35: Just Culture…Revisited is out now

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 14/10/2023

HindSight is a magazine on human and organisational factors in operations. HindSight magazine is free and…

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  • Human Factors/Ergonomics

Proxies for Work-as-Done: 9. Work-as-Judged

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 26/01/202216/03/2023

In this series of short posts, I outline some of proxies for work-as-done. This post concerns work-as-judged.

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  • Human Factors/Ergonomics

The Varieties of Human Work

  • by Steven Shorrock
  • Posted on 05/12/201615/12/2023

The analysis of work cannot be limited to work as prescribed in procedures etc (le travail prescrit), nor to the observation of work actually done (le travail réalisé). Similarly, it cannot be limited to work as we imagine it, nor work as people talk about it. Only by considering all four of these varieties of human work can we hope to understand what’s going on.

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About the Author

Steven Shorrock is an interdisciplinary humanistic, systems and design practitioner interested in understanding and improving work and life.

Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol) | Chartered Ergonomist and Human Factors Specialist (CErgHF) | BSc (Hons) MSc (Eng) PhD

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Categories

  • safety (122)
  • Human Factors/Ergonomics (95)
  • Systems Thinking (84)
  • Culture (30)
  • Humanistic Psychology (21)

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  • safety (75)
  • human factors (64)
  • Systems Thinking (59)
  • safety-II (51)
  • work-as-done (51)

Year

  • 2026 (140)
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Human Factors & Ergonomics in Practice

'Human Factors & Ergonomics in Practice' concerns the real practice of human factors and ergonomics (HF/E), conveying the perspectives and experiences of practitioners and other stakeholders in a variety of industrial sectors, organisational settings and working contexts. Buy direct from Routledge.

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Top Posts

  • I Crash: Texts from M.E.
  • Reflections on the Autistic Spectrum: A Critical Response to Uta Frith's Views
  • The Varieties of Human Work
  • The HAL 9000 Explanation: “It Can Only Be Attributable to Human Error”
  • Four Kinds of 'Human Factors': 1. The Human Factor
  • 'Human Factors' and 'Human Performance': What's the Difference?
  • Target Culture: Lessons in Unintended Consequences
  • “Why Are We Having More Incidents?” Causal Loops in Reactions to Unwanted Events
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics in Practice: A Forthcoming Practitioner-Focused Book
  • Shorrock’s Law of Limits

Archives

    Work-as-done is the work that people actually do, cognitive, verbal and manually. Work-as-judged is the judgement, evaluation or appraisal of work, via other proxies for work-as-done. Work-as-simulated is the work that is imitated or recreated in some way for the purposes of learning, testing, design, research, assessment, or exploration. Work-as-instructed is the explanation and demonstration describing how work is to be conducted or performed; the work that people are taught to do. Work-as-analysed is the process and product of examination, decomposition, categorisation, modelling and representation of work. Work-as-measured is the quantification of aspects of work: the work that is represented through numbers, metrics, indicators, scores, targets, dashboards, and other forms of quantification. Work-as-observed is the observation of the work of others, formally or informally - directly, remotely, live, or recorded - and the interpretation of what is observed by the observer. Work-as-disclosed is the work that people say that they (or others) do or did, either in formal or informal accounts. Work-as-prescribed is the formalisation, specification and design of work. It is the work that people ‘should do’, especially according to policies, procedures, rules, and so on.

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